世界地震工程

汶川地区震后钢筋混凝土框架结构的地震易损性

 

汶川地区震后钢筋混凝土框架结构的地震易损性研究

This?study?used?the?finite?element?software?OpenSEES?to?conduct?nonlinear?static?and?dynamic?history??OpenSEES?software?is?widely?used?because?of?advantages?in?its?fiber?model?division,higher?computing?speed,and?better??300?samples?of?the?structure?were?established?using?the?OpenSEES?software?in?order?to?perform?the?nonlinear?static??the?analysis,the?yield?displacement?and?the?maximum?story?drift?were?chosen?as?a?measure?of?the?level?of?seismic?capacity?in?the??two-fold?energy?equivalent?yield?displacement?method?proposed?by?FEMA273?was?also?used?to?determine?the?yield?displacement?of?structures?and?maximum?story??methods?that?consider?the?probability?of?earthquake?ground?motion?parameters?by?combining?Latin?hypercube?sampling,nonlinear?static?analysis,dynamic?time?history?analysis,and?statistical?regression?analysis?are?effective?for?the?assessment?of?seismic?vulnerability.

The?relationship?between?the?ground?motion?parameters?and?failure?probability?curve?can?intuitively?represent?the?seismic?performance?of?the??the?method?is?based?on?probabilistic?seismic?demand?and?aseismic?capacity,the?prospect?is?good?for?its?application?in?seismic?vulnerability??level?of?damage?table?and?corresponding?inter-story?displacement?angle?limit?table?contained?in?this?paper?reflect?the?characteristics?of?the?building?structures?and?seismic?features?in?earthquake?disaster?area.The?table?was?based?on?Wenchuan?earthquake?survey?data?and?structural?seismic?codes?in??with?the?results?of?the?HAZUS?risk?assessment,it?represents?an?effective?standard?for??also?concluded?that?the?proposed?method?for?vulnerability?assessment?based?on?ground?motion?parameters?is??the?inputting?parameter?of?the?PGA,the?correlation?of?the?maximum?response?of?the?structuredecreases?with?increases?in?the?natural?period?and?the?corresponding?probability?of?structural?failure?is?enhanced.

Key?words:?earthquake?engineering;?seismic?vulnerability;?seismic?hazard;?reinforced?concrete?frame

2008年汶川发生了MS8.0大地震,此次地震强度高,波及范围广,人员及经济损失严重。据灾害现场调查,钢筋混凝土框架建筑占灾区破坏建筑总数的比例较高,特别是中低层框架建筑,破坏形式多样,数据记录丰富[1]。本文选取汶川地震后典型的钢筋混凝土框架结构,提出一种简化的考虑地震动参数的概率解析易损性评估方法,深入研究钢筋混凝土框架结构的地震易损性能,了解结构在不同强度等级地震作用下达到各个界限破坏状态的概率表现,并结合考虑目标场地特点的地震危险性模型,计算钢筋混凝土框架结构在不同损伤水平状态的年平均超越概率。

地震危险性分析中要求给出目标场地将来遭遇到超过给定地震强度的概率,或称超越概率。美国学者Cornell提出了概率性研究方法[2],该方法综合考虑了区域范围内所有潜在震源区中不同震级地震对所研究地区的影响,通过地震动强度参数及其超越概率水平定量评估目标地区在规定年限内的地震危险性水平,以便进行工程抗震设计。根据Cornell的理论,地震危险性概率模型一定与震级、震中矩和地震动衰减规律有关。在美国太平洋地震工程研究中心(PEER)理论框架中,对于超越概率较小的情况,设计场地地震危险性概率模型可以采用如下表达式[3]:

其中,im为地震动强度参数;k0和k是危险性曲线的形状参数。

根据中国地震动参数区划图中标准设计反应谱及汶川场地特点可确定形状参数的数值:

k=2.375?3,k0=0.024?5,

即地震危险性概率模型的数学表达式:

为验证该模型的合理性,本文将按照Cornell的假设计算所得的地震动年超越概率,与式(2)计算的地震动年超越概率进行对比,结果见表1,并将式(2)所代表的地震危险性曲线同表1中按Cornell理论计算的结果绘制于同一张图中(图1)。从图2中可以直观看出各级地震水平的年平均超越概率与地震危险性概率模型符合得较好。通过对式(2)两边求取对数,可得:

式(3)表示地震动的年超越概率的对数与地震动强度指标im?的对数成线性关系。

表1表明,本文建立的地震危险性分析模型计算出的结果与Cornell假设计算的结果相比,很接近甚至偏大,图1、图2可更为直观的显示。这说明本文建立的地震危险性分析模型是合理的,依照该公式所绘制的场地地震危险性曲线能够很好地反映设计场地的危险性信息,而且估计的危险性偏于保守。

超越概率按Cornell理论计算出的结果按式(2)计算出的结果υsa(63.2%,50年)0.0.0υsa(10%,50年)υsa(2%,50年)

图1 场地地震危险性分析曲线Fig.1 The?ground?seismic?hazard?curve